Clinicopathological spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre of Western Uttar Pradesh with review of literature and special emphasis on the rare sites involved

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Original Article

Author Details : Mithila Bisht, Ranjan Agrawal, Nitesh Mohan, Parbodh Kumar

Volume : 3, Issue : 4, Year : 2016

Article Page : 721-726

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Abstract

Background: Although extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has existed as a disease entity for decades together, it has gained increased importance recently because of the increase in the number of cases. This increase has been observed after the emergence of HIV epidemic and also because of the diagnostic difficulty faced due to its obscure presentation.
Aims: The current study aims at analysing the various cases of EPTB diagnosed in our hospital in relation to their occurrence at various sites, age and sex predilection and modalities of diagnosis laying special emphasis on histopathology. We have attempted to study the spectrum, distribution and challenges in the diagnosis of EPTB especially when involving rare sites in the body.
Material and Methods: The present study is a retrospective one. The duration of study was two and a half years. We identified and segregated the cases of EPTB in our hospital which is a tertiary care centre of Western UP. A total of 103 cases were retrieved and analysed according to the age, sex, site specific distribution laying impetus on the rare sites involved.
Results: Out of the 103 cases, the maximum number of cases i.e.25 involved the skin(24.27%) followed second in line by lymph nodes(20.39%) in which 20 cases were reported. Rare sites like middle ear, eyelid, oral vestibule, thyroid, vulva and scrotum were also found to be involved. Maximum number of cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years in both the sexes. The M:F ratio was 1:1.2.
Conclusion: EPTB is an important clinical problem in developing countries like India. The diagnosis is often missed due to the variable presentation as it can involve uncommon sites as well. Standard guidelines for its precise diagnosis and treatment are the need of the hour to lessen its burden on the existing health system.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Rare sites, Histopathology, Diagnosis

How to cite : Bisht M, Agrawal R, Mohan N, Kumar P, Clinicopathological spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre of Western Uttar Pradesh with review of literature and special emphasis on the rare sites involved. Indian J Pathol Oncol 2016;3(4):721-726

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