Clinico–pathological spectrum of pancytopaenia

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Original Article

Author Details : Pradeep Kumar Nagaich*

Volume : 8, Issue : 3, Year : 2021

Article Page : 382-387

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpo.2021.075

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Abstract

Background: Pancytopaenia involves reduction in all the three haematological cell lines leading to the clinical manifestations related to anaemia, leucopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. These features can manifest either alone or in different combinations. Treatment depends on the accurate diagnosis for which pathological investigations are mandatory.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted with the aims and objectives of evaluating the different clinical and haematological parameters in cases presenting with pancytopaenia. Further, the cases were further divided based on their aetiology.
Materials and Methods: A total of 64 cases were included in the present study. Detailed clinical, peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were studied.
Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 16-25 years. There was a slight female preponderance in our study in the ratio of 1:1.06 for M:F. The commonest clinical presentation was generalised weakness in 55 (85.9%) cases, followed by dyspnoea in 35 (54.7%) and fever in 30 (46.9%) patients. Pallor was the commonest examination finding observed in 60 (93.8%) cases followed by pedal edema in 19 (29.7%) patients. Among RBC morphology, normocytic normochromic picture was the commonest 18(28.1%), while bone marrow finding of erythroid hyperplasia with megaloblastic maturation was observed in 20 (31.2%) patients. Overall, megaloblastic anaemia was observed in 24 (37.5%) patients.
Conclusion: Pancytopaenia is an important haematological manifestation in routine clinical practice. Timely, early and accurate diagnosis can save many morbidity and mortalities.

Keywords : Pancytopaenia, Bone marrow, Haematology.

How to cite : Nagaich P K, Clinico–pathological spectrum of pancytopaenia. Indian J Pathol Oncol 2021;8(3):382-387

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